PHYTOCHEMICAL AND SOME BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF AMPELOCISSUS GRANTII(BAKER) PLANCH. (VITACEAE)
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ABSTRACT
The plant Ampelocissus grantii is used in traditional medicinal practice in the treatment of cough, wounds, venereal infections and other ailments.Phytochemical examination of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Ampelocissus grantii (Baker) Planch (Family, Vitaceae) revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenoids. Three flavonoids, identified as 3ʹ, 4ʹ, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyflavone (Luteolin), isorhamnetin 3 - O – β – D – glucopyranosyl – (1ʹʹʹ - 6ʹʹ) – β – D – glucopyranoside,quercetin 3-O - α – L – glucopyranosyl – (1ʹʹʹ - 6ʹʹ) – β – D – glucopyranoside and one phenyl butanone, identified as 4 – O – β – D – rhamnopyranosyl – 4 – ethylphenylbut – 2 – one were isolated from the aerial parts of the plant. The structural identification was performed using detailed analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra including2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and by comparison with reference data. The intraperitoneal LD50 of the crude methanol extract was determined to be 1250 mg/kg body weight i.p. in mice. Antinociceptive (acetic acid induced-writhing and hot plate induced-pain) and antiinflammatory (carrageenan-induced oedema) effects of the crude methanol extract were studied. The results showed in the mouse writhing assay, the extract significantly (P ≤ 0.001) and dose-dependently inhibited the abdominal constrictions. The highest inhibition was observed at dose of 300 mg/kg of the extract (95.19 %) while that of the ketoprofen 20 mg/kg was noted as 71.23 %, while in the pain latency test the extract exhibited no significant increase at a dose of 50mg/kg body weight, but at higher doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight it increased significantly (P< 0.05 – 0.01) the pain threshold in dose related manner. Pentazocine (20 mg/kg; i.p) significantly (p < 0.001) prolonged the latency time much more than the extract. The extract significantly (P < 0.01 - 0.001) inhibited the paw oedema at all doses tested. The percentage anti-inflammatory effect (at x the peak of carrageenan-induced oedema) of the extract at 150 mg/kg was 80.95% comparable to that of ketoprofen (76.19%), the standard anti-inflammatory.The crude methanol extract was also screened for antimicrobial activity using the paper discs method against clinical isolates. The results showed that the methanol extract of the plant at concentration of 50 mg/ml, inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyrogenes,Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicansexcept Corynebacterumulcerus,Salmonella typhi, and Neisseria gonorrhea with zones of inhibition between15.0–27.0 mm.The result of this study has expanded our knowledge on the Phytochemistry of Ampelocissus grantii, confirming the rationale of the ethnomedicinal use of the plant.
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